9 new PhD positions available in Groningen, starting September 1, in the research track Fundamentals of the Universe (FOTU), a collaboration of the mathematics,(theoretical) physics, and astronomy groups in the faculty. If you or others in your network are interested, please see the details of the application process at https://www.rug.nl/education/phd-programmes/phd-scholarship-programme/phd-scholarships?details=00347-02S0007L1P
You can find the research topics in a link on that page, including a number in which astronomy plays a key or leading role.
The application deadline is in 8 days.
PhDs in the NL last 4 years and the starting fellowship is about € 2,181 per month (gross), adjustments with inflation over the years are foreseen.